Hypo & Hyper tension – Blood Pressure – Class 10

Blood Pressure 

Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on the walls of the heart’s ventricles. There are two types of blood pressure: systolic and diastolic. 

– Systolic pressure is the higher number and occurs when the heart contracts (pumps blood). 

– Diastolic pressure is the lower number and occurs when the heart relaxes between beats.

A normal blood pressure reading is 120/80 mmHg, where 120 is the systolic pressure and 80 is the diastolic pressure. This can vary slightly depending on the person’s age and health. Blood pressure is measured using a device called a sphygmomanometer.

Types of Blood Pressure:

1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):

   – Hypertension is when blood pressure is above 130/80 mmHg. 

   – There are two types of hypertension:

     – Primary Hypertension: Caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking. It can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision problems.

     – Secondary Hypertension: Caused by medical conditions like thyroid disorders, sleep apnea, certain medications, and underlying kidney disease. This can also lead to the same issues as primary hypertension.

2. Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension):

   – Hypotension is when blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg or lower.

   – Causes include dehydration, blood loss, severe infections, endocrine disorders, and certain medications like antidepressants and blood pressure drugs. 

   – Symptoms and complications of hypotension include dizziness, fainting, shock, and organ damage.